These were observable as the spontaneous release of NO [67,68], as a counteraction of the adverse effect of a NOS blockade (i.e., L-NAME hypertension and pro-thrombotic effect), a counteraction of the adverse effect of NOS overstimulation (i.e., L-arginine hypotension and anti-thrombotic effect) [67,69], as control of vasomotor tone and as the activation of the Src-Caveolin-1-eNOS pathway [60,61]
Specifically, KPV is a fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH), a larger peptide with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and fever-reducing properties.1 Even more specifically, the fragment in question is the C-terminal region of -MSH, which is particularly good at neutralizing pathogens.2 While many therapeutic peptides are taken exclusively by needle, KPV stands apart in that it can also be administered as an oral capsule or chewable tablet
The 2mg/mL concentration (5mL bacteriostatic water) provides the best balance of concentration, stability, and dosing precision
See the Concerns and Cautions section of the Choline Supplements Review
