Its efforts to fund research to support its claims, and to hire experts willing to testify in support of them, may be one reason for its success in persuading juries not to hold it liable
The study found, however, that repeated exposures to the same warning labels could cause them to eventually lose their effectiveness
Furthermore, in a 2021 survey of over 20,000 middle and high school students, over 50% used ONPs along with another tobacco product, potentially leading to very high levels of nicotine consumed [2]
A 2011 review of studies on the effects of privatization of tobacco monopolies in the 1990s and early 2000s found that such changes in ownership pose a major threat to public health. That paper, co-authored by Gilmore, of the University of Bath, found that privatization led to increases in smoking rates