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While the cross-sectional design facilitated identification of associations between variables, it does not permit conclusions on causality

Nicotine exposure during periods of significant brain development, such as adolescence, can disrupt the growth of brain circuits that control attention, learning, and susceptibility to addiction

Except as provided in paragraph (d)(3)(i)(A)( 1 ) of this section, for the CY 2023 through 2024 performance periods/2025 through 2026 MIPS payment years, each selected population health measure that does not have a benchmark or meet the case minimum requirement is excluded from the MVP participant's total measure achievement points and total available measure achievement points