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Smoking kills an estimated 480,000 Americans each year, and about 16 million Americans suffer from a smoking-related illness

The keyword co-occurrence and thematic mapping analyses revealed distinct clusters and themes within Reddit scholarship

The decline in cigarette smoking from 10.8% in 2023 to 9.9% in 2024 marked the first time that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among U.S

Overall, using both blank labels and positive physical health labels allows us to isolate any true effects of the experimental manipulation rigorously, enabling us to rule out other factors such as negative framing, graphic nature, or familiarity with labels already in circulation