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During wound healing, it can be removed from existing extracellular proteins by proteolysis and used as a chemical attractant for inflammatory and endothelial cells It can increase the production of messenger RNA in collagen, elastin, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in fibroblasts

Timeline: Effects typically appear more rapidly than topical applications, with improvements in healing or tissue regeneration markers visible within days to weeks depending on the application

They play a vital role in various functions, including energy and hormone regulation, cell movement, and immune response

It was mainly observed in tissues such as the liver, kidney, and adipose tissue, and beneficial effects were observed within weeks of peptide administration in aged mice