bpc-157 intervertebral disc degeneration study Frontiers Biomolecular therapies for chronic discogenic

136 MichelsL.Schulte-VelsT.SchickM.OGormanR

Immunostaining of lung tissue from the same regions on which we performed gene expression analysis localized SMAD2, a down-stream signal transducer of TGF, to the alveolar and airway walls while members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, including SMAD6 and SMAD1, were primarily seen in vascular endothelial cells (Additional file 9)

Slightly more nerdy answer: because peptides are small, they can bind directly to cell receptors and trigger specific biological effects

No evidence-based guidelines regarding the use of B 12 testing in people with suspected B 12 deficiency