DNA damage, discoordinated gene expression and cellular senescence in osteoarthritic chondrocytes
Serious adverse events have not been reported in the preclinical toxicity literature, which found no identifiable lethal dose across four species by Xu 2020
HPLC is the gold standard for peptide verification in research, provides detailed information on molecular structure, purity levels and potential degradation products
Compared to the placebo group, those who received the silymarin saw a "significant decrease" in their levels of key diabetic markers hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein ("bad") cholesterol, and triglycerides.17 The second is a recent review published in the Annals of Hepatology in 2021, much of which relates to silymarin's effect on insulin resistance,18 a prominent marker for type 2 diabetes.19 Two of the studies referenced in the review were animal studies that administered 26.25-100mg/kg of silybin to rat subjects (equivalent to around 366-1,395mg for an 86kg, or 190lb, human) across 6-12 weeks
