When cytoplasmic concentrations of neurotransmitters rise dangerously high, TAAR1 activates G-protein-dependent signaling pathways that recruit intracellular kinases, including protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) (Underhill et al., 2020)
Figure 2 Table 1 Neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid dysfunction
Moreover, its ability to modulate immune responses, promote angiogenesis, anti inflammatory and enhance tissue repair mechanisms underscores its multifaceted therapeutic potential, making it a subject of interest for further investigation in various medical applications including gut health
In a NASH mouse model, Paeonol inhibited NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome production and inflammation by regulating gut microbiota, reducing the abundance of certain Gram-negative tryptophan-metabolizing bacteria, and significantly increasing the level of the metabolite indole acetic acid, which enhanced the expression of AhR-related pathway proteins