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Androgens, whether in excess (Hyperandrogenism) or in deficiency (Hypoandrogenism), cause oxidative stress by affecting immunological responses, fostering chronic inflammation, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, and causing oxidative damage in reproductive organs, thereby affecting fertility and reproductive health ( Table 1 )

However, its application in clinical settings is restricted by high variability in absorption and adverse reactions

To top it off, it promotes the synthesis of nitric oxide, helping to increase blood flow, increase stress tolerance, and decrease muscle soreness, all leading to more efficient recovery, exercise performance, and endurance

These results suggest that the modified Shoutai Pill reduces lipid peroxidation and decreases iron ion accumulation, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis (107)