5.1 Scavengers of cfDNA Cationic nanoparticles (cNPs) are composed of the diblock copolymer of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMA), which have shown high DNA binding efficiency and the ability to scavenge cfDNA from RA patients ( 5.2 Modulators of cGAS The exploration of engineering and delivery mechanisms for modulators targeting cGAS, aimed at immunotherapy for RA, has been conducted in recent studies ( ifnb, Nos2 , and Tnfa in macrophages, indicating the enhanced inhibitory effects on cGAS activation and pro-inflammatory responses ( Anti-malarial drugs (AMDs) are commonly applied in malaria treatment and have also shown beneficial effects on autoimmune diseases over the past decades ( in vitro experiments confirmed that quinacrine blocked the binding between dsDNA and cGAS ( F-127 nanomicelle co-loaded with HCQ and MTX exhibited therapeutic effects against murine arthritis, which efficiently suppressed the osteoclastogenesis ( 5.3 Modulators of STING Recent studies have delved into compounds that modulate STING activity and their potential utilization in the treatment of RA ( In vitro , PEI-PDA@C-176 NPs suppressed the phosphorylation and activation of TBK1 and IRF3, leading to a notable reduction in IFN-, TNF-, and IL-6 expression in human primary FLSs ( Sting1 +/ mice without improvements in synovitis ( Triptolide (TP), the pharmacological component of the herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), has shown therapeutic effects in RA
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This article examines metabolic crosstalk as a pivotal determinant influencing cell spatial distribution and proposes that targeting relevant metabolic targets in liver cancer treatment could potentially modulate cell distribution within TME, thereby enhancing prognosis
