Via the catalytic activity of a broad superfamily of phase II detoxification enzymes, the Glutathione STransferases (GSTs), glutathione is covalently conjugated to electrophilic xenobiotics and endogenous reactive intermediates
Yanagihara, Y., Shiozawa, K., Takai, M., Kyogoku, M
Simultaneously, the activation of plaque macrophages by CD4 + T lymphocytes through CD40LCD40 signaling amplifies pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, promotes macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype, and recruits immune cells, collectively perpetuating plaque instability
The world conflicts of the 20 th century encouraged European extensive research in this area, as the failure of imports from overseas due to the wars led many countries to face a severe protein deficiency