These changes collectively enhanced reaction speed, motor function, dynamic and static balance, gait rhythm, and overall mobility (Coban et al., 2025)
-carotene absorbs light in a concentration dependent manner [28]
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00608 174 MartinezMAOlssonBBauLMatasECobo CalvoAAndreassonUet al
Galectin-3 has been linked to HF development and is implicated in a variety of processes that are thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of HFpEF, such as myofibroblast proliferation, fibrogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation and ventricular remodelling.65,66 In experimental studies, several rodent models of pressure overload, such as hypertension and mice subjected to aortic constriction, have shown significant increases in myocardial, renal and vascular galectin-3 expression.65,67,68 Galectin-3 levels have been shown to correlate with HF severity and are highly associated with renal function.6973 Changes in galectin-3 over time were shown to have an important prognostic value in HF patients, with increases in galectin-3 independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and HF hospitalisations.7476 A galectin-3-positive phenotype may predict the development of HFpEF in patients with co-morbidities and could be useful for phenotyping, risk stratification, and therapeutic targeting of those individuals where fibrosis is a major contributor to the syndrome ( Table 1 ).77 In addition, galectin-3 is able to identify HF patients at low risk for adverse events.78 Vascular Mechanisms Nitric Oxide NO is produced by the enzymatic action of NO synthase (NOS) in vascular endothelium
