nad+ and glutathione supplement nad activate with NAD+ Activate with Glutathione

activation of PI3K/AKT downstream pathway driving synaptogenesis and anti-apoptotic effects in hippocampus Regulatory status: not approved by the FDA or EMA

These include decreased drug transport, increased cellular detoxification because of increased glutathione (GSH), changes in DNA repair involving increased nucleotide excision repair and/or loss of mismatch repair, increased tolerance of DNA adducts, and alterations in the apoptotic cell death pathway (Andrews and Howell, 1990

Amann-Vesti BR, Franzeck UK, Bollinger A

Reactive O2 species molecules include peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anions (O2 with unpaired electron) these molecules are very toxic to the cell