In this study, we describe a novel methodology for the determination of 19 biomarkers of health effects: malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-isoprostaglandin-F 2 (8-PGF 2 ), 11--prostaglandin-F 2 (11-PGF 2 ), 15-prostaglandin-F 2 (15-PGF 2 ), 8-iso-15-prostaglandin-F 2 (8,15-PGF 2 ), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-HdG), 8-hydroxyguanine (8-HG), dityrosine (diY), allantoin (Alla), and two metabolic products of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), namely 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal glutathione (HNE-GSH) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal mercapturic acid (HNE-MA) (in total, 12 oxidative stress biomarkers, OSBs)
Oxidative stress speeds up bone loss by lowering osteoblast activity and quantity
Supplementation is needed if one's diet does not include abundant unprocessed fruit and vegetables
When the study began, the participant met the criteria for metabolic syndrome