The serious risks (allergic reactions, liver effects) are associated mainly with high-dose, unregulated IV use, which is why medical supervision and sensible dosing matter
This protects the molecule from being broken down in the bloodstream and increases its absorption levels, known as bioavailability
Specifically, testosterone (the major androgen) mediates sex-biased immune cell functions in natural killer (NK) cells, CD8 + T cells, and neutrophils via AR-dependent genomic and non-genomic pathways, which involves suppressing interferon regulatory factor 8 , activating forkhead box O1 , and modulating T-Box transcription factor 21 at the transcription factor level
Pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion and impair glucocorticoid receptor signaling, resulting in diminished negative feedback and sustained hypercortisolemia