Most human tissues can convert trimethyllysines to -butyrobetaine (the compound prior to carnitine) but only the liver, kidney, brain, and testes express the -butyrobetaine dioxygenase enzyme that hydroxylates -butyrobetaine forming carnitine
The copper uglies happen because GHK-Cu actively signals skin regeneration, which can temporarily surface underlying issues like clogged pores, low-grade inflammation, or trapped sebum
However, the field still faces significant challenges, such as data heterogeneity, poor algorithm interpretability, and issues with clinical translation efficiency
24hrs after initially starting the dissolution experiment, as shown in Figure 13 , the supernatant went from a clear solution (top image) to a cloudy suspension (lower image)