The absence of this protective layer of glycosaminoglycans in patients with interstitial cystitis increases inflammation, which leads to cyst formation and swelling with subsequent pain and irritation.7 In one study, approximately half of the women diagnosed with interstitial cystitis reported symptoms of dysuria.8 Other causative factors of interstitial cystitis have been suggested, including chronic or subclinical infection, autoimmunity, and genetic susceptibility, any of which could be responsible for initiating the inflammatory response
Consider what happens when tissue is injured: the immediate area often experiences reduced blood flow due to damage to existing vessels
Extensive persistent inflammation even when SARS-CoV-2-infected cells are only sporadically present at late stages of COVID-19 (Schurink et al., 2020) could also justify low GSH levels in association with over-abundance of cellular ROS, cellular oxidative damage, increased inflammation and cell death pathways activation seen in inflammaging (Zuo et al., 2019
This epigenetic reprogramming suggests a potential mechanism for SFNs protective effects in breast tissue
