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Osteoarthr Cartil 29:13241334 Zhao Z, Li Y, Wang M, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Fang J (2020) Mechanotransduction pathways in the regulation of cartilage chondrocyte homoeostasis

Insert the needle quickly and smoothly at a 4590 degree angle, holding it steady for the duration of medication delivery

Key Points Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with cartilage destruction, subchondral bone remodeling and synovial membrane inflammation Proinflammatory cytokines are critical mediators in the disturbed metabolism and enhanced catabolism of tissue in the OA joint Interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6 seem to be the main proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of OA Data from cellular and animal studies have provided substantial evidence that blocking IL-1 and TNF production could counteract the degradative mechanisms associated with OA pathology Anticytokine therapies in OA clinical trials have so far yielded variable results A better understanding of the individual roles and functions of cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF and IL-6, is of the utmost importance in order to develop adequate and specific anticytokine therapies This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $189.00 per year only $15.75 per issue Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF