These alterations include biochemical defects, such as impaired control of glutamate metabolism (the major neurotransmitter) [304], as well as the loss of synaptic activity and dendrites [305], apoptosis of neurons primarily in the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers [306,307], and the activation of microglial cells that may protect the inner retina from injury and contribute to the inflammatory response [308]
Medical and Evidence Context Vitamin B12 is essential for neurological function, red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and energy production
Chaudhuri A, Janicke D, Wilson MF, Tripathy D, Garg R, Bandyopadhyay A, Calieri J, Hoffmeyer D, Syed T, Ghanim H, Aljada A, Dandona P
DeGregorio-Rocasolano, N