Risk factors that should prompt consideration of B12 deficiency include advancing age (reduced stomach acid production), strict vegan or vegetarian diets, pernicious anaemia, gastrointestinal surgery (particularly gastric bypass or ileal resection), long-term use of certain medications (metformin, proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists), nitrous oxide exposure (including recreational use), and conditions affecting the gut such as Crohn's disease or coeliac disease
The Deeper Causes of Disc Aging Hormonal Decline As hormone levels shift with age, your body may produce fewer repair signals
For those who dont consume these products, like vegetarians and vegans, fortified foods such as cereals and dietary supplements are recommended
Users are responsible for proper handling, storage, and sterile technique